Most essays go wrong before the first sentence is written. Follow these steps in order and the writing itself becomes much easier.
1. Understand the prompt
Underline the task words (analyze, compare, argue, evaluate), the topic and any limits (word count, number of sources, citation style). If the prompt asks a question, your essay must answer it.
2. Research with a purpose
Collect a few strong, relevant sources rather than many weak ones. For each, note the key point, a page number and the full reference so citing later is quick.
3. Write a working thesis
Your thesis is your answer to the prompt in one or two sentences. It should be specific and arguable. You can refine it later, but you need one before you outline.
4. Outline
- Introduction: context, then your thesis.
- Body paragraphs: one main point each, supporting the thesis, with evidence and your own explanation.
- Conclusion: what your argument shows and why it matters. No new evidence.
5. Draft without stopping to polish
Get the whole argument down first. Each body paragraph: a topic sentence, evidence, explanation of how the evidence supports your point, and a link back to the thesis.
6. Cite as you go
Use the style your instructor requires (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago). Cite every quotation, statistic and idea that is not your own.
7. Revise, then proofread
Revise for structure and argument first: does every paragraph support the thesis? Then proofread for grammar, spelling and formatting. Reading aloud catches a surprising number of errors.
Need help?
Our editors can proofread or edit your draft, and tutors can work through the process with you.