Adrian was awarded an academic scholarship to State University for the 2012– 2013 academic year. He received $6,000 in August and $7,000 in December 2012. Adrian had enough personal savings to pay all expenses as they came due. Adrian’s expenditures for the relevant period were as follows:

Tuition, August 2012

$3,600

Tuition, January 2013

3,700

Room and board

 

August–December 2012

3,000

January–May 2013

2,400

Books and educational supplies

 

August–December 2012

1,100

January–May 2013

1,200

Determine the effect on Adrian’s gross income for 2012 and 2013.