Fredonia Inc. had a bad year in 2013. For the first time in its history, it operated at a loss. The company’s income statement showed the following results from selling 76,100 units of product: Net sales $ 1,491,560 ; total costs and expenses $ 1,758,600 ; and net loss $ 267,040 . Costs and expenses consisted of the following.

Total Variable Fixed
Cost of goods sold $ 1,208,200 $ 784,100 $ 424,100
Selling expenses 419,300 74,000 345,300
Administrative expenses 131,100 52,000 79,100
$ 1,758,600 $ 910,100 $ 848,500

Management is considering the following independent alternatives for 2014.

1. Increase unit selling price 29 % with no change in costs and expenses.
2. Change the compensation of salespersons from fixed annual salaries totaling $ 200,000 to total salaries of $ 37,500 plus a 5% commission on net sales.
3. Purchase new high-tech factory machinery that will change the proportion between variable and fixed cost of goods sold to 50:50.