(Learning Objective 2, 3, 4, 5: Inferring transactions from a company’s stockholders’ equity) OPTICAL PRODUCTS COMPANY reported the following shareholders’ equity on its balance sheet:

Shareholders’ Equity

December 31,

(Dollars and shares in millions)

20X9

20X8

Preferred stock—$1 per share par value; authorized 20 shares; Convertible Preferred Stock; issued and outstanding: 20X9 and 20X8—6 and 12 shares, respectively

$ 6

$ 12

Common stock—$1 per share par value; authorized 1,000 shares; issued: 20X9 and 20X8—564 and 364 shares, respectively

564

364

Additional paid in capital

2,706

1,536

Retained earnings

6,280

5,006

Treasury stock, common—at cost 20X9—49 shares; 20X8—9 shares

(1,235)

(215)

Total shareholders’ equity

8,321

6,703

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$48,918

$45,549

Required

1. What caused OPTICAL PRODUCTS’ preferred stock to decrease during 20X9? Cite all the possible causes.

2. What caused OPTICAL PRODUCTS’ common stock to increase during 20X9? Identify all the possible causes.

3. How many shares of OPTICAL PRODUCTS’ common stock were outstanding at December 31, 20X9?

4. OPTICAL PRODUCTS’ net income during 20X9 was $1,410 million. How much were OPTICAL PRODUCTS’ dividends during the year?

5. During 20X9, OPTICAL PRODUCTS sold no treasury stock. What average price per share did OPTICAL PRODUCTS pay for the treasury stock the company purchased during 20X9?