Disclosure of fraud to parties other than a client’s senior management and its audit committee or board of directors ordinarily is not part of an auditor’s responsibility. However, to which of the following outside parties may a duty to disclose fraud exist?

To the SEC when the client reports an auditor change

To a successor auditor when the successor makes appropriate Inquiries

To a government funding agency from which the client receives financial assistance

a.

Yes

Yes

No

b.

Yes

No

Yes

c.

No

Yes

Yes

d.

Yes

Yes

Yes