Indicate the effect—Understate, Overstate, No Effect—that each of the following errors has on 2012 net income and 2013 net income.

2012

2013

(a) Equipment purchased in 2010 was expensed.

(b) Wages payable were not recorded at 12/31/12.

(c) Equipment purchased in 2012 was expensed.

(d) 2012 ending inventory was overstated.

(e) Patent amortization was not recorded in 2013.