1. Use the following information to determine the gross margin for Pacific States Manufacturing for the year just ended (all amounts are in thousands ($000) of dollars:
Sales $31,800
Purchases of direct materials 7,000
Direct labor 5,000
Work in process inventory, 1/1 800
Work in process inventory, 12/31 3,000
Finished goods inventory, 1/1 4,000
Finished goods inventory, 12/31 5,300
Accounts payable, 1/1 1,700
Accounts payable, 12/31 1,500
Direct materials inventory, 1/1 6,000
Direct materials inventory, 12/31 1,000
Indirect labor 600
Indirect materials used 500
Utilities expense, factory 1,900
Depreciation on factory equipment 3,500
Gross Margin _________________
2. Which costs will change with a decrease in activity within the relevant range?
A) Total fixed costs and total variable cost.
B) Unit fixed costs and total variable cost.
C) Unit variable cost and unit fixed cost.
D) Unit fixed cost and total fixed cost.
3. An increase in the activity level within the relevant range results in:
A) an increase in fixed cost per unit.
B) a proportionate increase in total fixed costs.
C) an unchanged fixed cost per unit.
D) a decrease in fixed cost per unit.
Use the following
to answer questions 4-5:
The following information has been provided by the Evans Retail Stores, Inc., for the first quarter of the year:
Sales $350,000
Variable selling expense 35,000
Fixed selling expenses 25,000
Cost of goods sold (variable) 160,000
Fixed administrative expenses 55,000
Variable administrative expenses 15,000
4. The gross margin of Evans Retail Stores, Inc. for the first quarter is:
A) $210,000.
B) $140,000.
C) $220,000.
D) $190,000.
5. The contribution margin of Evans Retail Stores, Inc. for the first quarter is:
A) $300,000.
B) $140,000.
C) $210,000.
D) $190,000.
6. The total contribution margin decreases if sales volume remains the same and:
A) fixed expenses increase.
B) fixed expenses decrease.
C) variable expense per unit increases.
D) variable expense per unit decreases.
7. A company has provided the following data:
Sales 3,000 units
Sales price $70 per unit
Variable cost $50 per unit
Fixed cost $25,000
If the sales volume decreases by 25%, the variable cost per unit increases by 15%, and all other factors remain the same, net income will:
A) decrease by $31,875.
B) decrease by $15,000.
C) increase by $20,625.
D) decrease by $3,125.
8. Wallace, Inc., prepared the following budgeted data based on a sales forecast of $6,000,000:
Variable Fixed
Direct materials $1,600,000
Direct labor 1,400,000
Factory overhead 600,000 $ 900,000
Selling expenses 240,000 360,000
Administrative expenses 60,000 140,000
Total $3,900,000 $1,400,000
aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa
What would be the amount of sales dollars at the break-even point?
A) $2,250,000
B) $3,500,000
C) $4,000,000
D) $5,300,000
9. The following information pertains to Rica Company:
Sales (50,000 units) $1,000,000
Manufacturing costs:
Variable 340,000
Fixed 70,000
Selling and admin. expenses:
Variable 10,000
Fixed 60,000
How much is Rica’s break-even point in number of units?
A) 9,848
B) 10,000
C) 18,571
D) 26,000
Use the following to answer questions 10-11:
Dorian Company produces and sells a single product. The product sells for $60 per unit and has a contribution margin ratio of 40%. The company’s monthly fixed expenses are $28,800.
10. The variable expense per unit is:
A) $31.20.
B) $24.00.
C) $36.00.
D) $28.80.
11. The break-even point in sales dollars is:
A) $48,000.
B) $72,000.
C) $28,800.
D) $0.
12. An allocated portion of fixed manufacturing overhead is included in product costs under:
Absorption Variable
Costing costing
A) No No
B) No Yes
C) Yes No
D) Yes Yes
Use the following to answer questions 13-16:
Farron Company, which has only one
product, has provided the following data concerning its most recent month of operations:
Selling price $92
Units in beginning inventory 0
Units produced 8,700
Units sold 8,300
Units in ending inventory 400
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials $13
Direct labor 55
Variable manufacturing overhead 1
Variable selling and administrative 5
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $130,500
Fixed selling and administrative 8,300
13. What is the unit product cost for the month under variable costing?
A) $69
B) $84
C) $89
D) $74
14. What is the unit product cost for the month under absorption costing?
A) $74
B) $89
C) $69
D) $84
15. What is the net income for the month under variable costing?
A) $10,600
B) ($17,000)
C) $16,600
D) $6,000
16. What is the net income for the month under absorption costing?
A) ($17,000)
B) $16,600
C) $6,000
D) $10,600
17. Orion Corporation is preparing a cash budget for the six months beginning January 1. Shown below are the company’s expected collection pattern and the budgeted sales for the period.
Expected collection pattern:
65% collected in the month of sale
20% collected in the month after sale
10% collected in the second month after sale
4% collected in the third month after sale
1% uncollectible
Budgeted sales:
January $160,000
February 185,000
March
190,000
April 170,000
May 200,000
June 180,000
The estimated total cash collections during April from sales and accounts receivables would be:
A) $155,900.
B) $167,000.
C) $171,666.
D) $173,400.
18. Avril Company makes collections on sales according to the following schedule:
30% in the month of sale
60% in the month following sale
8% in the second month following sale
The following sales are expected:
Expected Sales
January $100,000
February 120,000
March 110,000
Cash collections in March should be budgeted to be:
A) $110,000.
B) $110,800.
C) $105,000.
D) $113,000.
19. A labor efficiency variance resulting from the use of poor quality materials should be charged to:
A) the production manager.
B) the purchasing agent.
C) manufacturing overhead.
D) the engineering department.
20. An unfavorable labor efficiency variance indicates that:
A) The actual labor rate was higher than the standard labor rate.
B) The labor rate variance must also be unfavorable.
C) Actual labor hours worked exceeded standard labor hours for the production level achieved.
D) Overtime labor was used during the period.
21. A favorable labor rate variance indicates that
A) actual hours exceed standard hours.
B) standard hours exceed actual hours.
C) the actual rate exceeds the standard
rate.
D) the standard rate exceeds the actual rate.
Use the following to answer questions 22-25:
Cole laboratories makes and sells a lawn fertilizer called Fastgro. The company has developed standard costs for one bag of Fastgro as follows:
Standard
Standard Quantity Cost per Bag
Direct material 20 pounds $8.00
Direct labor 0.1 hours 1.10
Variable manuf. overhead 0.1 hours .40
The company had no beginning inventories of any kind on Jan. 1. Variable manufacturing overhead is applied to production on the basis of direct labor hours. During January, the following activity was recorded by the company:
Production of Fastgro: 4,000 bags
Direct materials purchased: 85,000 pounds at a cost of $32,300
Direct labor worked: 390 hours at a cost of $4,875
Variable manufacturing overhead incurred: $1,475
Inventory of direct materials on Jan. 31: 3,000 pounds
22. The materials price variance for January is:
A) $1,640 F.
B) $1,640 U.
C) $1,700 F.
D) $1,300 U.
23. The materials quantity variance for January is:
A) $800 U.
B) $300 U.
C) $300 F.
D) $750 F.
24. The labor rate variance for January is:
A) $475 F.
B) $475 U.
C) $585 F.
D) $585 U.
25. The labor efficiency variance for January is:
A) $475 F.
B) $350 U.
C) $130 U.
D) $110 F.
Use the following to answer questions 26-27:
The following selected data pertain to Beck Co.’s Beam Division for last year:
Sales $400,000
Variable
expenses $100,000
Traceable fixed expenses $250,000
Average operating assets $200,000
Minimum required rate of return 20%
26. How much is the residual income?
A) $40,000
B) $50,000
C) $10,000
D) $80,000
27. How much is the return on the investment?
A) 25%
B) 20%
C) 12.5%
D) 40%
28. One of the dangers of allocating common fixed costs to a product line is that such allocations can make the line appear less profitable than it really is.
A) True
B) False
29. In responsibility accounting, each segment in an organization should be charged with the costs for which it is responsible and over which it has control plus its share of common organizational costs.
A) True
B) False
30. Some managers believe that residual income is superior to return on investment as a means of measuring performance, since it encourages the manager to make investment decisions that are more consistent with the interests of the company as a whole.
A) True
B) False
31. The performance of the manager of Division A is measured by residual income. Which of the following would increase the manager’s performance measure?
A) Increase in average operating assets.
B) Decrease in average operating assets.
C) Increase in minimum required return.
D) Decrease in net operating income.
32. A segment of a business responsible for both revenues and expenses would be called:
A) a cost center.
B) an investment center.
C) a profit center.
D) residual income.
33. The Northern Division of the Smith Company had average operating assets totaling $150,000 last year. If the minimum required rate of return is 12%, and if last year’s net operating income at Northern was $20,000, then the residual income for Northern last year was:
A) $20,000.
B) $l8,000.
C) $5,000.
D) $2,000.
Use the following to answer questions 34 – 35:
The following information is available on Company A:
Sales $900,000
Net operating income 36,000
Stockholders’ equity 100,000
Average operating assets 180,000
Minimum required rate of return 15%
34. Company A’s residual income is:
A) $9,000.
B) $21,000.
C) $45,000.
D) $24,000.
35. Company A’s return on investment (ROI) is:
A) 4%.
B) 15%.
C) 20%.
D) 36%.
36. Gata Co. plans to discontinue a department that has a $48,000 contribution margin and $96,000 of fixed costs. Of these fixed costs, $42,000 cannot be avoided. What would be the effect of this discontinuance on Gata’s overall net operating income?
A) Increase of $48,000
B) Decrease of $48,000
C) Increase of $6,000
D) Decrease of $6,000
37. Pitkin Company produces a part used in the manufacture of one of its products. The unit product cost of the part is $33, computed as follows:
Direct materials $12
Direct labor 8
Variable manufacturing
overhead 3
Fixed manufacturing overhead . 10
Unit product cost $33
An outside supplier has offered to provide the annual requirement of 10,000 of the parts for only $27 each. The company estimates that 30% of the fixed manufacturing overhead costs above will continue if the parts are purchased from the outside supplier. Assume that direct labor is an avoidable cost in this decision. Based on these data, the per unit dollar advantage or disadvantage of purchasing the parts from the outside supplier would be:
A) $3 advantage.
B) $1 advantage.
C) $1 disadvantage.
D) $4 disadvantage.
38. Some investment projects require that a company expand its working capital to service the greater volume of business that will be generated. Under the net present value method, the investment of working capital should be treated as:
A) an initial cash outflow for which no discounting is necessary.
B) a future cash inflow for which discounting is necessary.
C) both an initial cash outflow for which no discounting is necessary and a future cash inflow for which discounting is necessary.
D) irrelevant to the net present value analysis.
39. Which of the following capital budgeting techniques consider(s) cash flow over the entire life of the project?
Internal rate of return Payback
A) Yes Yes
B) Yes No
C) No Yes
D) No No
Use the following to answer question 40:
(Ignore income taxes in this problem.) Treads Corporation is considering
the replacement of an old machine that is currently being used. The old machine is fully depreciated but can be used by the corporation for five more years. If Treads decides to replace the old machine, Picco Company has offered to purchase the old machine for $60,000. The old machine would have no salvage value in five years.
The new machine would be acquired from Hillcrest Industries for $1,000,000 in cash. The new machine has an expected useful life of five years with no salvage value. Due to the increased efficiency of the new machine, estimated annual cash savings of $300,000 would be generated.
Treads Corporation uses a discount rate of 12%.
40. The net present value of the project is closest to:
A) $171,000.
B) $136,400.
C) $141,500.
D) $560,000.
Use the following to answer questions 41-42:
(Ignore income taxes in this problem.) Oriental Company has gathered the following data on a proposed investment project:
Investment in depreciable equipment $200,000
Annual net cash flows $ 50,000
Life of the equipment 10 years
Salvage value -0-
Discount rate 10%
The company uses straight-line depreciation on all equipment.
41. The payback period for the investment would be:
A) 2.41 years.
B) 0.25 years.
C) 10 years.
D) 4 years.
42. The net present value of this investment would be:
A) ($14,350).
B) $107,250.
C) $77,200.
D) $200,000.
43. The Tse Manufacturing Company uses a job-order costing system and applies overhead to jobs using
a predetermined overhead rate. The company closes any balance in the Manufacturing Overhead account to Cost of Goods Sold. During the year the company’s Finished Goods inventory account was debited for $125,000 and credited for $110,000. The ending balance in the Finished Goods inventory account was $28,000. At the end of the year, manufacturing overhead was overapplied by $4,500. The balance in the Finished Goods inventory account at the beginning of the year was:
A. $28,000
B. $13,000
C. $17,500
D. $8,500
44. Matthias Corporation has provided data concerning the company’s Manufacturing Overhead account for the month of May. Prior to the closing of the overapplied or underapplied balance to Cost of Goods Sold, the total of the debits to the Manufacturing Overhead account was $53,000 and the total of the credits to the account was $69,000. Which of the following statements is true
A. Manufacturing overhead applied to Work in Process for the month was $69,000.
B. Manufacturing overhead for the month was underapplied by $16,000.
C. Manufacturing overhead transferred from Finished Goods to Cost of Goods Sold during the month was $53,000.
D. Actual manufacturing overhead incurred during the month was $69,000.
45. Yoder Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The following data pertain to operations in the first processing department for a recent month:
[pic]
45. What was the cost per equivalent unit for materials during the month
A. $0.30
B. $0.25
C. $0.20
D. $0.15